Reporting Obligations
- Suspect cases in institutions must be reported immediately by phone to the Thunder Bay District Health Unit at 625-8318 or toll-free 1-888-294-6630, ext. 8318 (Monday-Friday, 8:30am to 4:30pm).
- After hours and on weekends/holidays call Thunder Bay Answering Service at (807) 624-1280.
Epidemiology
Local epidemiology:
Provincial epidemiology:
- Ontario Respiratory Virus Tool (updated Fridays at 11:30am)
Etiologic Agent:
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a disease caused by a virus named SARS-CoV-2. It can be very contagious and spreads quickly.
Clinical Presentation:
COVID-19 generally presents with a fever, chills, cough, and general fatigue. In some cases, individuals also have runny noise/ nasal congestion, muscle aches, headaches, sore throat, loss of taste/smell, and gastrointestinal symptoms. In severe cases, it may cause shortness of breath or chest pain which would warrant immediate medical attention.
Children have similar symptoms to adults and generally have a mild illness. The severity of COVID-19 symptoms can range from very mild to severe. Some people may have only a few symptoms. Some people may have no symptoms at all, but can still spread it. This is called asymptomatic transmission.
Modes of transmission:
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, spreads from an infected person to others through respiratory droplets and aerosols (small droplets that linger in the air) when an infected person breathes, coughs, sneezes, or talks. The virus may also spread when a person touches an infected person (i.e., a handshake), or a surface/object (also referred to as a fomite) that has the virus on it, and then touches their mouth, nose or eyes with unwashed hands.
Incubation Period:
2-14 days, with a median of 4-7 days from exposure to symptom onset.
Period of Communicability:
The period of communicability from epidemiological studies ranged approximately from 9 days before symptom onset to 15 days post symptom onset.
Risk Factors/Susceptibility
Individuals at increased risk:
- older adult (increasing risk with each decade, especially over 60 years)
- pregnant
- immunocompromised
- chronic illness/underlying medical condition including diabetes
- live with obesity (body mass index [BMI] of 40 or more)
Diagnosis & Laboratory Testing
There are two publicly-funded types of COVID‑19 test available in Ontario FOR HIGH RISK INDIVIDUALS only
Some healthcare providers (such as primary care providers and pharmacists) can order rapid antigen tests through the Provincial Antigen Testing Program for use on patients with symptoms consistent with COVID-19 infection who would be eligible for COVID-19 treatment if they tested positive.
See the Ministry of Health web page for more information.
Testing Information & Requisition
Treatment & Case Management
PPE:
Patient Resources
- Ontario's Treatment webpage for patients
- COVID-19 antiviral treatment screener
Clinical Resources
Patient Information
For Further Information
Call the Thunder Bay District Health Unit at (807) 625-5900 or Toll-Free at 1-888-294-6630, or visit our main COVID-19 website.